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The business that pays you in 24 hours and send money to your account?

Do you know any information and how to establish this business?

Do i need a licences? How do i get banks?

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My partner and I are looking to open a retail establishment in Cedar Rapids, IA. We have a well thought-out business plan with complete market research and full numbers. I am curious as to what credit rating we should be seeking prior to applying for a business loan.

Thank you for your time and consideration when answering this question.

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Business cards still have an application and approval process, still include an interest rate on purchases, and still have an impact on credit scores. They are available with low APR, zero introductory interest rates, balance transfer options, rewards, like airline miles or cash back, and on and on. Business credit cards are similar to personal credit cards in how they are obtained, how they are used, and how they work, however business credit cards also offer unique business oriented benefits and generally offer high lines of credit. They also offer travel discounts on cars and hotels, travel insurance, and even restaurant savings. The truth of the matter is, business credit cards will help your business grow and there is no doubt about it.

Business owners also understand that securing a business credit card early on in the life of the business, helps the business to build its credit track record; and that the sooner a track record is established, the sooner the business will be able to carry the business credit card liabilities on its own. These cards have gradually become one of the most common forms of business credit that assists businesses meet their urgent requirements, even when there is a deficiency of cash. Businesses, both large and small, are no different from private consumers when it comes to the benefits of credit cards, and many businesses rely on the convenience and flexibility of these cards in order to aid the smooth running of their finances.

Business credit cards often secure preferential exchange rates to the business traveler and business credit card issuers also arrange for worldwide emergency and travel assistance. Currently, business credit cards offering zero percent interest rates and reward rich incentives are advertised widely and these types of business cards are going to be more widely marketed to small business owners in upcoming months.

Business credit cards are accepted virtually everywhere, which is great for those who need equipment or supplies in a hurry. Business credit cards are usually issued to corporate executives or business owners in order to more easily keep business expenses separate from personal charges. Business cards for businesses in general, and for small business in particular, have become increasingly popular as more and more businesses start to realize the benefits. Business credit card volume has grown 20% annually since 2000 and business cards can be issued to more than one individual. They are a great way to increase cash flow and solve cash flow problems.

Business Credit Cards are wonderful financial tools for all types of business. But there are drawbacks to small-business credit card usage as well. A business credit card carries the same personal liability as a personal card. So if the business defaults on credit-card payments, a creditor can come after the person who signed the card for payment. Moreover, your small-business credit card will be noted on your personal credit reports and a few late payments could seriously damage your personal credit score, while a big debt increase by the business could make you look more overextended than you really are, regardless of the payment history. Still, no matter what, once your business has established its own credit history, you should be able to remove your small-business credit card from your personal credit reports. One other word of caution: because business credit cards are meant to be used by companies, not consumers, they come with fewer consumer protections than a personal credit card.

From the above, you can see that the vote is in. Business credit cards are wonderful financial tools for all types of businesses. And, if you do not have one for your business now, perhaps you should be considering getting one in the near future. After all, financial tools that come with great features and benefits are a business necessity.



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To achieve financial independence, experts encourage even currently employed individuals to consider entrepreneurship. Setting up your own business, no matter how small, is touted as one of the best ways toward building the foundation for wealth. Those who are concerned about having a safety net need not take the plunge recklessly. One can start setting up a small business even while employed.  

Of crucial use to small businesses are credit card services and small business loans. The entrepreneur needs to know how to avail of these tools and how to effectively wield them for maximum business growth.

Credit Card Services

A small business would do well to get reputable credit card services in order to prosper in the current business climate. Availing of credit card services will enable it to accept both credit card and debit card payments. This is true either for brick-and-mortar businesses or internet based online businesses. After all, most consumers nowadays routinely use credit cards or debit cards for payment purposes. It only makes good business sense to be well-equipped for the needs of credit card users and debit card users as well as for the needs of customers who pay in cash.

Merchant services provide credit card services covering a wide range of solutions for the processing of credit cards and debit cards as payment options. These credit card services include traditional terminal equipment at point of sale, where credit cards or debit cards are swiped. It also includes software and high speed IP solutions for both traditional commerce and e-commerce. Credit card and debit card payments can, therefore, be accepted in person or through the internet, by phone or by fax.     

Small Business Loans

Any business – whether a small start-up business, a medium-scaled one or a big business company – will be needing an infusion of additional capital sooner or later. Additional capital is always needed for expansion, additional inventory, additional manpower, new systems, new equipment or a new physical layout.

Capital is not always easy to come by, though. The original investors’ personal coffers may have been emptied by the earlier outlays. Prospective investors may not be keen on shelling out funds in times of crisis. Businesses, therefore, have no choice but to seek business loans.

Getting business loans is a difficult process. Even small business loans are not readily approved. Be prepared to present a lot of documentation and paperwork. For small business loans, the proprietor’s personal credit history is taken into account and related references need to be submitted. Of course, the company’s financial statements are just as important in proving the feasibility of the business and its capacity to repay its business loans. Having a detailed business plan will show your business strategies and projections, demonstrating your business acumen.

Unfortunately, even with all the requirements completed, applications for business loans – including small business loans – are, more often than not, disapproved.

Solutions

Some merchant services provide a comprehensive solution for the needs of small businesses in relation to credit card services and small business loans. The set up is elegantly simple. A small business need only avail of the company’s credit card services to be eligible for merchant cash advances. These cash advances are actually small business loans, except that there is no need to go through the complicated application process for business loans. Repayment is made very easy and worry-free, too. A certain small percentage is built into the credit card processing rates to take care of the advances. This way, repayment is actually done automatically in a very affordable manner and according to income flow.

Small business owners would, indeed, be wise to look into these timely business solutions.

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Introduction

The asset-backed market has grown to become one of the largest capital markets in the world in terms of size and volume. Since 1998, companies have increasingly often used whole–business securitization to refinance whole lines of businesses that frequently form a substantial portion of the assets of the parent company. In one year’s time, both the Dunkin Brands transaction (May 2006) and the Domino’s Pizza deal (April 2007) pushed about $3.5 billion of asset-backed papers onto the market. Transactions in this asset class have primarily focused on the intellectual property arena, including fast food, licensing, music, and film and drug royalties. More recently, a broader area of transactions – including London Heathrow, Gatwick and other airports – has been securitized with the help of newly created whole-business or operating-assets techniques.

Because securitization – in principle – has many advantages, many (Dutch) firms seek my advice in their attempts to answer the question whether or not they would act sensibly if they refinanced all or part of their business activities through this type of securitization. If I then ask them why they should consider this type of financing, I often receive answers related to increasing (irrelevant) accounting ratios, attracting more money, and most of all doing all this at a lower price. This may be true to a certain extent, but of course there is no such thing as a ‘free ride’ or a ‘free lunch’ in the financial market. In short, it is assumed that some sort of advantage must be gained somewhere by means of securitization compared with the more traditional alternatives that are available, such as financing through a common (bank) loan or a loan backed by a collateral (secured loan).

The decision to use whole-business securitization involves an explicit choice regarding the financial structure concerned as well as managerial involvement and control. This article aims to introduce the reader to the structural features of whole-business securitization by discussing 10 important lessons. First, the general concept of asset-backed securitization will be discussed. Next, the reader will be introduced to the terminology framework for whole-business securitization. Finally, an answer will be presented to the question how whole-business securitization distinguishes itself from more traditional areas of corporate finance.

Asset-backed securitization

Lesson 1: The definition of asset-backed securitization refers to the issuance of tradable debt papers, which are guaranteed based on a well-defined collection of assets.

Unfortunately, the term ‘asset-backed securitization’ is used differently by many, since usage is not entirely consistent. Asset-backed securitization first appeared in bank funding. Hess and Smith (1988), for example, explained asset-backed securitization in the context of financial intermediaries to manage interest rate exposure. The authors defined asset-backed securitization as a financial intermediation process, which re-bundles individual principal and interest payments of existing loans to create new securities. More recently, the term ‘asset-backed securitization’ has come to be used to refer to so-called ‘structured finance’, the general process by which illiquid assets are pooled, repackaged and sold to third-party investors. So, asset-backed securitization can best be defined as the process in which assets are refinanced in the market by issuing securities sold to capital investors by a bankruptcy-remote special purpose vehicle. This definition comprises the fundamentals of asset securitization.

Lesson 2: The objective is that only the investors in the SPV will have a claim against the securitized assets in the event of the seller’s bankruptcy: not the seller or the seller’s creditors.

Legal concepts in the area of securitization often differ, and thus have specific accounting and tax rules, including tax consequences for both sellers and investors. Common-law countries (such as Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States) for example, follow different legal rules in comparison with civil countries (most other countries). Despite fundamental differences in the legal environment, the primary objective of the SPV is to facilitate the securitization of the assets and to ensure that the SPV is established for bankruptcy purposes as a legal entity separate from the seller. In other words, the objective is that only the investors in the SPV will have a claim against the securitized assets in the event of the seller’s bankruptcy: not the seller or the seller’s creditors. Because the pool of assets is insulated from the operating risk of the seller, the SPV in itself may achieve better financing terms than the seller would have received on the basis of his own merits. This is the key driver for reducing financing costs by securitization in comparison with alternative forms of financing.

Whole-Business Securitization

Lesson 3: The element of future exploitation of the asset is a key distinction between standard securitization and whole-business securitization.

Whole-business securitization uses securitization techniques for refinancing a whole business or operating assets. You may wonder what exactly is meant by ‘whole business’, and where precisely the difference lies compared with the more usual types of collateral used in securitization transactions: credit cards or mortgages, for example. In order to make you understand whole-business securitization, its definition will be presented first. Next, the difference will briefly be explained between whole-business securitization and the more common forms of securitization as we know them today: for example the use of mortgages and credit cards.

Whole-business securitization can be defined as a form of asset-backed financing in which operating assets are financed in the bond market via a bankruptcy-remote vehicle (hereafter: SPV) and in which the operating company keeps complete control over the assets securitized. In case of default, control is handed over to the security trustee for the benefit of the note holders for the remaining term of financing.

One of the great challenges lies in defining the difference between operating asset securitization and the more common forms witnessed in securitization transactions. Consider for instance a mortgage pool. If the mortgages have been securitized, the seller (sponsor) has no further obligations towards the consumer. The mortgage has been closed and stipulations concerning future payments – to be made by the consumer – have been laid down in a contract. Simply stated, the financial institution then collects payments from the consumer for the balance of the life of the loan. In effect, the traditional classes of securitization assets are self-liquidating. By contrast, in the example in which claims on the basis of operating assets are securitized, the sponsor has an obligation to exploit the underlying assets. To offer an illustration: when a football club securitizes its revenues from the sale of tickets, the sponsor must continue to render services that allow football fans to buy their tickets at the box office. Thus, the securitization process requires permanent managerial involvement on the part of the original owner in order to generate revenues. The element of future exploitation of the asset is a key distinction between standard securitization and operating-asset securitization.

Lesson 4: The receiver has authorization to seize control over the assets of the securitized business at the loss of any other creditor.

In a standard ‘whole-business securitization’ transaction, a financial institution grants the sponsor a loan secured by a pledge on a specific set of assets. This secured loan is then transferred to a bankruptcy-remote special purpose vehicle which issues the notes. The security attached to the loan is also transferred to the SPV. Thus, ownership and control of the assets remain with the sponsor, and bondholders are only granted charge over those assets. Control is required because the owner of the assets should exploit the assets for the full term of financing. Also, the sponsor intends to repay the loan out of the cash flows generated from its business. The issuance of a secured loan in a ‘whole-business securitization’ transaction is illustrated in Figure 2.

In case of default of the sponsor, the SPV receives complete control over the securitized assets by appointing a receiver for the full term of financing. The receiver has authorization to seize control over the assets of the securitized business at the loss of any other creditor. Also, the receiver eliminates the risk of external activities of management decisions reducing the return to bondholders. This is called bankruptcy remoteness. The SPV increases the likelihood of the business being able to continue as a going concern rather than being forced to have a ‘fire sale” of the individual assets. This preserves the value of the assets securitized, which is of great importance to the investors. Whole-business securitization therefore efficiently uses the privileges of bankruptcy law offering bondholders extensive security in case of default.

A clear case of effective receivership in default is that presented by Welcome Break, the U.K.-based motorway service area operator and the first whole-business securitization operation in its segment. When Welcome Break was no longer able to meet its obligations following its weaker-than-expected operating performance in 2002, the owner was in danger – if the economy continued to slide – of landing in a situation in which the company would not be able to meet its debt obligations. The owner then made an offer to the bondholders: Class A’s were to be repaid at par (£309 million par value), and Class B’s at 55% (£67 million par value). This was rejected by the bondholders. Subsequently, after Welcome Break failed to make full payment on its loan, it was put into receivership. Deloitte was appointed administrative receiver. A few days later, the owner finally agreed to pay all classes of bondholders back at par by selling nine service stations.

Lesson 5: It is hard – but not impossible – to separate the assets legally while the sponsor still retains operating control and services these assets.

Control over the cash flows of the securitized business is established either through a sale of the assets, or through an adequate legal structure that ensures continuation of cash flows in the event of the insolvency of the borrower. This feature makes it difficult in some countries to structure a business securitization deal. In fact, it has been proven to be hard to separate the assets legally while the sponsor still retains operating control and services these assets. Under U.K. law, this difficulty has almost been eliminated by the 1986 Insolvency Act, which permits the holder of a charge over substantially all of the assets of a corporate to control the insolvency proceeds of that corporate through an administrative receiver.

Unfortunately, in the Netherlands no whole-business deals have so far been finalized that could act as an example. One of the reasons for this is presented by the role played – and the responsibilities held – by the receiver in a bankruptcy case. If it involves a bankruptcy situation, the receiver has extra powers. He may, for instance, in certain situations nullify specific obligatory juristic acts: for example if both the debtor and the third party involved knew that a bankruptcy petition had already been filed, or if the case involved collusion between the creditor and the debtor to the detriment of the other creditors. Does this then imply that such things could not occur in the Netherlands? On the contrary: France, Belgium and Germany have encountered similar problems. In these countries, a series of large transactions has recently been witnessed in which the role of the receiver and securing the pledge in default cases have been adequately and appropriately dealt with.

Lesson 6: The holder of an asset-backed bond is not affected by the non-performance of the sponsor’s other assets; an ordinary secured bondholder is.

The result of bankruptcy remoteness is that the SPV generally issues securities that are rated higher (and in many cases significantly higher) in comparison with other alternatives, such as the issuance of ordinary secured debt by the company. This is the result of the risk mitigation generated by isolating the assets from the bankruptcy and other risks of the parent company through the whole-business securitization structure. Hence, the holder of an asset-backed bond is in a position similar to that held by the holder of an ordinary secured bond with regard to the sponsor, because repayment of the bonds takes place from a defined pool of assets. The difference is that the holder of an asset-backed bond is not affected by the non-performance of the sponsor’s other assets, whereas the ordinary bondholder is.

Credit rating improvement

Lesson 7: The credit rating of a security is based on the company’s unsecured rating, but is notched up or down depending on its seniority of claim.

The rating of a company is known as its senior implied rating, or unsecured credit rating (comparable with a credit rating without any collateral). This rating reflects the corporate-wide default risk and the estimation of the firm-wide possibility to pay its obligations aggregate. This rating focuses on the company in general in its industry context, such as the strength of its management, consolidated balance sheet positions, competitive position, market prospects, and how these may change. Rating agency Moody’s, for example, generally notches (numerical rating category) securities based on the average historical loss severity rates – given their priority of claim in default of the company. Table 1 is a classification scheme consisting of 21 rating scales for three rating agencies: Moody’s, Standard & Poor’s and Fitch. A word of caution is needed here, as it is important to remember that the rating scales are inverse scales, so that spread increases as rating decreases.

Each security’s rating is based on the company’s unsecured rating, but is notched up or down depending on its seniority of claim. As expressed in Table 2, secured bonds (high seniority) historically demonstrate a 30% lower loss severity upon default than the unsecured corporate bond, resulting in a favorable (higher) credit rating (and lower spreads). Senior subordinated bonds have experienced a 40% higher loss severity, subordinated bonds 52% higher, and junior subordinated bonds (with the lowest possible seniority) show a 62% higher loss severity, all indicating a lower credit rating (and higher spreads) in comparison with the unsecured corporate bond.

Lesson 8: Standard debt is rated a maximum one or two notches above the corporate rating, whereas whole-business securitization debt-like features could realize one to six notches above the corporate rating.

Moody’s approach to rating whole-business securitization transactions is based on the same expected loss methodology it applies to evaluating the credit risk of any structured security: cumulative expected loss equals the product of default probability and loss severity, summed over all possible scenarios. To date, credit rating agencies have assigned ratings in whole-business securitizations between two and six notches above the unsecured corporate rating of the sponsor. The key driver of an increase in credit rating for whole-business securitization versus ordinary debt is the fact that the value of the assets in a securitization transaction is much better preserved, thanks to bankruptcy remoteness, in comparison with the value of the assets in an ordinary debt contract.

This will be illustrated by the following example. The unsecured credit rating of a corporate is Baa3 (value 10 in Table 1). If this company issues $75 million of debt secured by a $100 million of Baa3-rated of the company’s operating assets, the debt would be rated Baa1 (collateral as security qualifies for two notches of credit). But the credit rating agencies would rate a $50 million issuance secured by the same $100 million of assets Baal as well, despite it having a substantially lower leverage. Thus, if the $100 million of assets degrades to $60 million, investors in a $75 million issuance lose $15 million. However, had the issuance been $50 million, the investors would have received all the required principal and interest fully guaranteed. Giving the same rating – Baal – to both issuances ($75 million versus $50 million) would not seem logical given the fact that the $50 million could withstand much more asset deterioration than the $75 million issuance. In a whole-business securitization transaction, it is in fact possible to grant the $50 million issuance a more favorable rating, for example an A1-rating. This is in contrast with a standard debt contract, in which a more favorable rating is not likely to be granted. This can be explained by the fact that bankruptcy remoteness eliminates certain relevant business risks from the sponsor’s other activities: risks that cannot be completely covered in a standard debt contract.

Lesson 9: A whole-business securitization structure tends to carry a lower average cost of debt and it usually issues debt with a longer maturity, which reduces pressure on the corporate issuer to place refinancing.

Structural features in whole-business securitization are designed to decrease the moral hazard of the borrower, and to decrease potential investment conflicts between borrower and bondholder. In other words, these features mitigate the risk that the strength of the business will be impaired through mismanagement. According to Moody’s Investor Service (2002), it may be possible to achieve a rating substantially above the corporate’s unsecured rating by issuing senior classes that have significantly lower leverage than the corporate bonds of the sponsor. Standard & Poor’s (2001) states that the business securitization structure tends to carry an average lower cost of debt in comparison with ordinary debt, thanks to higher credit ratings, and it usually issues debt with a longer maturity, which reduces pressure on the corporate issuer to place refinancing.

Lesson 10: Certain kinds of business are unlikely to benefit from a business securitization transaction.

According to Standard & Poor’s (2001), borrowers whose business risk corresponds to a rating below “BB” are unlikely to benefit from whole-business securitization. This is so because their future cash flows are, by definition of the rating, so uncertain that in the opinion of the rating agency they cannot justify stretching the maturity of the debt and are not likely to support a substantial decrease in credit risk. Furthermore, certain kinds of business are not likely to benefit from a business securitization transaction. These include businesses that are capital intensive, are reliant on unique management skills, or are evolving rapidly. All of the business securitization transactions executed were business activities of which the cash flows could be accurately estimated thanks to long-term contracts and a well-documented history of stable cash flows through which the business and financial risks were considered low, or could be significantly mitigated by structural features. Also, all these companies have a well-defined source of income: rent income, for example, or contracted beer sales, catering sales on specific locations, mobile phone revenues, restaurant loyalties, clothing licenses, music royalties or gate ticket sales for popular entertainment attractions.

Conclusions

Whole-business securitization is form of financing in the early stages of development. It enables a business to set up a structure in which business and financial risks can be managed and in which the level of credit risk for the investor can subsequently be limited. Without a doubt, this represents the largest innovation in comparison with familiar standard debt contracts such as common (bank) loans with or without collaterals.

Applying such structures, however, is not without risks: witness the problems encountered in the Welcome Break transaction. A combination of too little return on investment and too high leverage damaged the sponsor to such an extent that it was ultimately forced to make repayments to the investors by winding up the business. Still, many enterprises have so far been eager to use the whole-business securitization technique in order to enjoy the advantages offered by cheaper financing in combination with longer terms.

The structure discussed here will undoubtedly evolve over time and adapt to changing market conditions. Many Dutch firms could definitely benefit from repaying their perhaps needlessly complex, but certainly expensive bank loans taken out with various lenders and from replacing them by a transparent and straightforward securitization transaction structure – witness the highly innovative and successful transactions that have so far taken place in neighboring countries. Think about airports, for example, or hospitals, motorway restaurants, entertainment parks, movie theatres or royalties paid to famous Dutch artists. And how about revenues generated by the many major football clubs operating in our country?

Research into the possibilities of setting up securitization structures, into the opportunities that will be generated and into calculating the profits to be gained by individual businesses will have to demonstrate whether this techniqes is worth applying.

References

Hess, A.C. and C.W. Smith, 1988, Elements of mortgage securitization, Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics 1, 331-346.

Mitchell, D., 2007, Franchise feeds whole-business securitization, Asset Securitization Report (July 2).

Moody’s Investors Service, 2001, Non-bankruptcy-remote issuers in asset securitization, International Structured Finance Special Report (March 22).

Moody’s Investors Service, 2002, Moody’s approach to rating operating company securitizations, International Structured Finance Special Report (February 2).

Standard & Poor’s, 2001, Principles for analyzing structured finance/corporate hybrid transactions, Rating Commentaries (July 02).



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If you are a small business owner then the best way to establish credit is by applying for a business credit card. By completing a business credit card application in the name of your business you are now building credit for the business and are more likely to receive favorable terms as far as interest rates and lines of credit are concerned.

These days, easily accessible credit has become an indispensable part of many businesses day to day fiscal operations. Because of this, businesses both large and small can find offers that are virtually specialized to meet their specific needs. So, business credit cards are available from a range of lenders, and these cards offer set credit limits to businesses, and enable businesses to make purchases up to the agreed limit and then spread the repayments by making a minimum repayment each month. These business credit cards are not tied to personal credit.

Business credit cards offer unique business oriented benefits and generally offer high lines of credit. These credit cards can offer rewards, savings on business products and services and the purchasing power of a credit card. Business credit cards will help your business grow; there is no doubt about it. Business owners also understand that securing a business credit card early on in the life of the business, helps the business to build its credit track record; and that the sooner a track record is established, the sooner the business will be able to carry the business credit card liabilities on its own.

Business credit cards are allocated for business use only and provide a simple track record of company expenses. Credit cards for businesses in general, and for small business in particular, have become increasingly popular as more and more businesses started realizing the benefits. Business credit cards have become popular as a source of financing for small businesses, since business credit card issuers often give up to 60 days in which you can pay the full statement amount, which can help your cash flow considerably. Business credit cards have gradually become one of the most common forms of business credit that assists businesses meet their urgent requirements, even when there is a deficiency of cash. Business, both large and small, are no different from private consumers when it comes to the benefits of credit cards, and many businesses rely on the convenience and flexibility of these cards in order to aid the smooth running of their finances. These credit cards open valuable avenues of financial assistance in the future through the bank or company that issued the small business credit line.

Business credit cards often secure preferential exchange rates to the business traveler. Card holders sometimes qualify for frequent miles or discounts on certain flights and at certain hotels. Business credit card issuers also arrange for worldwide emergency and travel assistance.

Business credit cards offering zero percent interest rates and reward rich incentives are advertised widely and business credit cards are going to be more widely marketed to small business owners in upcoming months.

As you can see, business credit cards are a wonderful thing if used properly and are a must for business people.

So, if you have a business do not put it off any longer, get a business credit card and save more time and money for your company today.



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I have a few personal credit cards and I want to consolidate them. I am also self-employed, but I dont’ have a business credit card; although I get LOTS of ads for them in the mail. I’ve always wondered, what is the difference? Are there different rules or fees? Can you only use them for business purchases? Do you have to spend a certain amount to keep them?

Any advice appreciated…

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Hello,

How can I know if my business credit cards are personally guaranteed? I don’t have copies of the original applications and I don’t want to call the cards to ask (because it may impact me negatively). Is there something in the Terms & Conditions of the cards that I should look for?

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I want to help a friend of mine because he is very stressed out right now. His business used to be very good and successful. Now that the economy is bad people have not been paying them, 60+ days over. They owe the bank 600,000 because of this. If this happens does it mean that you need to find an investor? Or what other options can he take to save his business. He’s in the AC/Heating supply business.

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I’m looking to stat up my own business in the next two to three years. I’ve already started creating my business plan. The only thing is I have bad credit. Is there a way to get a business loan even thou your credit isn’t good?

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